An audit to estimate the quality of practices followed during bedside blood transfusion in a tertiary care hospital and role of continuous medical education in it

Blood transfusion is an integral component of the health Service system and it becomes imperative that its benefits, risks as well as prospective and viable alternatives of this common medical intervention are explained explicitly to the patients. Appropriate compliance to bedside blood transfusion practices can also help in avoiding adverse transfusion outcomes. At the same time, it is also crucial to document a patient's valid consent based on their decision after evaluation of the risk to benefit ratio. This audit aims to assess the compliance and adherence to bedside blood transfusion practices in a tertiary care hospital and role of Continuous Medical education (CME) on it. The study involved collection of data for blood transfusion services and practices in two periods, for adults and children, who received transfusion from the month of June 2021 to October 2021 and a re-audit beginning from November 2021 to February 2022 following few CMEs in between involving doctors and nurses. A total of 3240 transfusion procedures were assessed in this duration. In them 1500 (46.3%) took place before CME and remaining 1740 (53.7%) procedures took place after CME. There were statistically significant differences between pre-CME and post-CME bedside transfusion practices. During CME/training session, pre-training and post training knowledge has been evaluated by test which also showed statistically significant difference in knowledge of transfusion medicine & bedside transfusion practices. Our study recommends that there is a need of frequent audit on bedside transfusion practices to check the quality and standards associated with it and also points out the need of continuous medical education on this issue.     

藏族药“杂赤”的品种 基原与标准整理

藏族药（以下简称藏药）“杂赤”又称“杂赤确”“杂赤巴帽卡”等，产于四川、西藏等地，是一种治疗肝胆疾病的常用藏药。通过梳理查阅有关文献与标准发现，“杂赤”可以按正品、副品（替代品）和类同品分类，也可以按黑、白品种分类。其基原包含菊科12属约30种植物，涉及风毛菊属、苦荬菜属、小苦荬属及岩参属植物，各属植物功能主治基本相同。“杂赤”的品种整理、质量比较、药用历史和现状总结能够为“杂赤”的合理使用提供参考。     

中医药治疗特发性肺纤维化的系统评价再评价＊

目的 对中医药治疗特发性肺纤维化（idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis， IPF）的系统评价（SRs）进行再评价。方法 检索知网、中国生物医学数据库、维普、万方、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、PubMed和EMbase数据库，纳入中医药治疗IPF的SRs，截止2021年5月。使用AMSTAR 2量表进行方法学质量评价，GRADE系统工具进行结局指标证据质量分级。结果 共纳入28篇文献，试验组除辨证论治外，治疗方法集中在活血化瘀、补肺益气等方面，基本符合治疗法则。结果显示中医药治疗IPF可以提高有效率、增加肺功能、提高PaO₂、增加6WMD、缓解临床症状、提高患者的生活质量等。AMSTAR 2量表评价，所纳入SRs均有多项关键条目不达标，整体方法学质量等级不高。采用GRADE工具进行质量分级，一共234个结局指标，无高等证据质量，整体证据等级不高。结论 中医药对比西医治疗IPF有效且不良反应不明显，但RCT研究和系统评价研究方法质量尚有缺陷，完全按照西医评价指标可能会低估真实结果，未来需要更规范的研究及适合中医的评价指标，对中医药研究的安全性方面关注还有待提高。     

中医移动医疗App信息服务现状研究

以“七麦数据”网站收录的中医移动医疗App作为研究对象，采用网络调查法和文献分析法，根据“七麦数据”对移动医疗App的分类，结合中医移动医疗App的信息服务内容和特点，将筛选出的中医移动医疗App划分为医疗健康类、中医养生类、知识传播类、全面综合类，并根据“七麦数据”网站中对各类中医移动医疗App的打分及累计下载量筛选出最具代表性的12款中医移动医疗App，从全面性、人性化、安全性、实用性4个一级指标和40个二级指标对其信息服务现状进行评价，指出当前中医移动医疗App信息服务存在的问题并提出建议。     

皮肤鳞状细胞癌的中医药治疗进展

皮肤鳞状细胞癌是具有发病率高、发展快、可转移、易误诊等特点的一种恶性肿瘤，对人类的健康造成威胁。随着中医的发展和现代医学实验研究技术的进步，中医药在皮肤鳞状细胞癌的现代研究方面也取得一定成果。目前临床上治疗鳞状细胞癌多采取手术及药物化疗等，因不良反应的存在，患者接受度低。中药具有多靶点、安全性高、不良反应少等优势，在治疗皮肤鳞状细胞癌中中医具有一定优势，本文将围绕中药单体、中药复方，以及针灸在治疗皮肤鳞状细胞癌的研究进展展开论述和思考。     

Molecular imaging in oncology: Current impact and future directions

The authors define molecular imaging, according to the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, as the visualization, characterization, and measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels in humans and other living systems. Although practiced for many years clinically in nuclear medicine, expansion to other imaging modalities began roughly 25 years ago and has accelerated since. That acceleration derives from the continual appearance of new and highly relevant animal models of human disease, increasingly sensitive imaging devices, high-throughput methods to discover and optimize affinity agents to key cellular targets, new ways to manipulate genetic material, and expanded use of cloud computing. Greater interest by scientists in allied fields, such as chemistry, biomedical engineering, and immunology, as well as increased attention by the pharmaceutical industry, have likewise contributed to the boom in activity in recent years. Whereas researchers and clinicians have applied molecular imaging to a variety of physiologic processes and disease states, here, the authors focus on oncology, arguably where it has made its greatest impact. The main purpose of imaging in oncology is early detection to enable interception if not prevention of full-blown disease, such as the appearance of metastases. Because biochemical changes occur before changes in anatomy, molecular imaging—particularly when combined with liquid biopsy for screening purposes—promises especially early localization of disease for optimum management. Here, the authors introduce the ways and indications in which molecular imaging can be undertaken, the tools used and under development, and near-term challenges and opportunities in oncology.     

Bioimpedance as a measure of fluids in patients with septic shock. A prospective observational study

Background

Septic shock is often treated with aggressive fluid resuscitation leading to profound fluid overload. The assessment of fluid status relies on suboptimal measures making treatment difficult. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is an alternative but the validity is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis for fluid measures in patients with septic shock.

Methods

Single-center, prospective observational cohort study. We included adult ICU patients with septic shock. We evaluated the agreement between measures on the left and right side of the patient and measures 1 h apart by two bioelectrical impedance devices. Results are presented as Bland Altman plots with 95% Limits of Agreements (LoA) and as correlations between bioelectrical impedance analysis results and clinical markers of fluids.

Results

Forty-nine patients were included. The agreement between measures on the left and the right side of the patient and after 1 h was overall without bias, but with wide LoA's. Fluid overload 1 h apart showed the most narrow 95% LoA (−2.4–2.9 L). The same wide limits of agreements were observed when comparing devices. For example, total body water with 95% LoA of −14.8 –16.7 L. Correlations between bioelectrical impedance analysis and clinical measures were low but statistically significant.

Conclusions

In patients with septic shock bioelectrical impedance analysis had no systematic errors or bias, but wide limits of agreement, indicating that the devices have a large and uncorrectable random error. Fluid status by bioelectrical impedance analysis is not sufficiently accurate to guide treatment in this group of patients.     

基于LDA模型的中医药人工智能领域主题演化分析＊

目的 梳理总结中医药人工智能领域近40年的研究情况，分析该领域研究主题演化过程，发现热点主题和研究前沿。方法 本研究检索了CNKI和WOS中中医药人工智能领域的文献，根据生命周期理论划分不同时间片，将文献摘要作为研究对象，采用LDA主题模型挖掘文本主题，分析主题的演化过程，识别热点主题。结果 纳入中英文文献2750篇，根据生命周期理论划分中医药人工智能领域发展阶段，分别建立全局和各阶段的LDA模型，挖掘出全局热点主题有中医专家系统、中医辅助诊断系统、中医药数据挖掘等，发现主题演化路径并进行可视化展示。结论 中医药与人工智能主要的结合点在中医智能系统、中医药知识组织和中医智能诊疗机器人这3方面，这3个方向的研究均离不开神经网络技术的支持，同时也结合了关联规则发现、复杂网络研究等方法。